Search IOCombats

Search challenges, guides, questions and articles

Blogs

Step into the world of modern UI and full-stack innovation. This blog is your go-to source for the latest UI trends, AI advancements, and hands-on development tips & tricks. Whether you're refining your front-end skills or diving deep into backend logic, we've got you covered. Discover practical insights, explore cutting-edge tools, and build better with the power of design, AI, and engineering working together.

Streaming Chat UI in React: Auto-Scroll and Screen Readers Done Right

Streaming Chat UI in React: Auto-Scroll and Screen Readers Done Right

By Ghazi Khan | Nov 2, 2026 - 10 min read

Learn how to build a streaming chat UI in React that follows the answer only while the user is at the bottom, never yanks them back when they scroll up, and tells screen reader users what is happening without reading every token aloud, using useChat from the Vercel AI SDK.

Streaming LLM Responses in Node.js: Disconnects, Backpressure and Mid-Stream Errors

Streaming LLM Responses in Node.js: Disconnects, Backpressure and Mid-Stream Errors

By Ghazi Khan | Oct 26, 2026 - 9 min read

Learn how to build a Node.js SSE endpoint for LLM output that stops the model call when the user leaves, respects backpressure, times out stalled streams and reports errors after the 200 has already been sent, using the Vercel AI SDK.

LLMs for Frontend Engineers: Tokens, Context Windows and Cost Explained

LLMs for Frontend Engineers: Tokens, Context Windows and Cost Explained

By Ghazi Khan | Oct 19, 2026 - 10 min read

Learn what a token really is, why every chat turn resends the whole conversation, how the context window caps input plus output, and how to measure and control LLM cost in TypeScript with the Vercel AI SDK.

The JavaScript Event Loop, Fully Explained: Tasks, Microtasks, and Where Rendering Fits In

The JavaScript Event Loop, Fully Explained: Tasks, Microtasks, and Where Rendering Fits In

By Ghazi Khan | Oct 12, 2026 - 9 min read

A step-by-step model of how the browser event loop picks tasks, drains microtasks, and decides when to paint, so you can predict execution order exactly and fix long-task jank with scheduler.yield().

Chrome Built-in AI in Practice: Running Gemini Nano On-Device with the Prompt and Summarizer APIs

Chrome Built-in AI in Practice: Running Gemini Nano On-Device with the Prompt and Summarizer APIs

By Ghazi Khan | Sep 28, 2026 - 10 min read

Learn how Chrome ships a language model inside the browser, how the Summarizer and Prompt APIs manage model download, sessions, streaming and structured output, and how to build a feature that degrades safely when the model is missing.

JavaScript’s Temporal API Reached Stage 4: A Practical Guide to Replacing Date in Production

JavaScript’s Temporal API Reached Stage 4: A Practical Guide to Replacing Date in Production

By Ghazi Khan | Sep 26, 2026 - 9 min read

TC39 finalized the Temporal API for ECMAScript 2026 and it now ships natively in Chrome, Firefox, and Node.js 26. Here is exactly what was broken about Date, what Temporal fixes, and how to migrate real code.

TypeScript Tricks Working Frontend Engineers Actually Use: satisfies, Branded Types, and Exhaustive Unions

TypeScript Tricks Working Frontend Engineers Actually Use: satisfies, Branded Types, and Exhaustive Unions

By Ghazi Khan | Sep 18, 2026 - 9 min read

Four non-obvious TypeScript patterns, the satisfies operator, branded types, exhaustive union checking, and template literal route types, that catch real bugs at compile time instead of in production.

How Figma Built Multiplayer Editing Without CRDTs or Operational Transforms

How Figma Built Multiplayer Editing Without CRDTs or Operational Transforms

By Ghazi Khan | Sep 7, 2026 - 12 min read

A deep look at the property-level conflict resolution, tree synchronization, and fractional indexing that let Figma ship real-time multiplayer editing years before anyone else did.

How Chrome Actually Renders a Frame: Inside the RenderingNG Pipeline

How Chrome Actually Renders a Frame: Inside the RenderingNG Pipeline

By Ghazi Khan | Aug 31, 2026 - 8 min read

A first-principles walkthrough of the eight-stage pipeline Chrome uses to turn a DOM mutation into pixels, and why that split between main thread and compositor thread decides whether your animation runs at 60fps or drops frames.

Building a Streaming AI Chat UI in React: The Architecture Behind Token-by-Token Rendering

Building a Streaming AI Chat UI in React: The Architecture Behind Token-by-Token Rendering

By Ghazi Khan | Aug 24, 2026 - 9 min read

How LLM responses actually travel from server to browser as streamed chunks, and how to render them in React without janky re-renders, broken markdown, or memory leaks.

Web Platform Baseline 2026: Three APIs You Can Ship Now, Explained From First Principles

Web Platform Baseline 2026: Three APIs You Can Ship Now, Explained From First Principles

By Ghazi Khan | Aug 23, 2026 - 9 min read

The Navigation API, CSS Anchor Positioning, and Trusted Types all reached Baseline in 2026. Here is exactly how each one works under the hood, with runnable code, so you can use them in production and speak to them confidently in interviews.

6 Underused Browser APIs and DevTools Techniques That Fix Real Production Bugs

6 Underused Browser APIs and DevTools Techniques That Fix Real Production Bugs

By Ghazi Khan | Aug 10, 2026 - 9 min read

A practical walkthrough of six techniques, from Chrome DevTools heap snapshots to AbortSignal.any() and content-visibility, that working frontend engineers use to debug memory leaks, cancel async work cleanly, and ship faster UIs.

How Linear’s Sync Engine Works: The Architecture Behind Instant, Offline-First UI

How Linear’s Sync Engine Works: The Architecture Behind Instant, Offline-First UI

By Ghazi Khan | Aug 7, 2026 - 13 min read

A deep look at how Linear built a sync engine that makes every interaction feel instant and keeps working offline, covering its object model, transaction queue, sync ids, and delta packets.

How React’s Fiber Architecture Actually Works: Reconciliation, Lanes, and the Render Loop

How React’s Fiber Architecture Actually Works: Reconciliation, Lanes, and the Render Loop

By Ghazi Khan | Aug 2, 2026 - 9 min read

A precise walkthrough of what happens between calling setState and pixels changing on screen, covering Fiber nodes, the render and commit phases, priority lanes, and why React can pause mid-render.

The New Frontend Stack: TypeScript + AI + Server Components

The New Frontend Stack: TypeScript + AI + Server Components

By Ghazi Khan | Apr 19, 2026 - 8 min read

Frontend engineering is undergoing a fundamental shift. This article breaks down how TypeScript, AI, and Server Components are redefining modern web architecture with practical insights and real-world patterns.